tailieunhanh - ielts practice test exam essentials phần 4

You có thể photocopy các tờ trả lời trống ở đầu mỗi phần kiểm tra hoặc sử dụng có thể thực hành các bài kiểm tra IELTS theo đúng thứ tự hoặc các xét nghiệm chọn theo lãi suất theo chủ đề, sử dụng trang 2 và 3. | LISTENING MODULE READING MODULE WRITING MODULE SPEAKING MODULE PASSAGE 1 PASSAGE 2 PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Finding out about the world from television news In The Ideological Octopus 1991 Justin Lewis points to an important issue concerning the formal structure of television news. As he notes television news lacks the narrative element which in other genres serves to capture viewer interest and thus motivate viewing. Lewis posits this as one of the key reasons why television news often fails to interest people and why when they do watch it. people often cannot understand it. Lewis argues that one fundamental problem with watching television news is that its narrative structure means that the viewer is offered the punchline before the joke -because the main point the headline comes right at the beginning after which the programme by definition deals with less and less important things. Thus in television news our interest is not awakened by an enigma which is then gradually solved to provide a gratifying-solution - as so often happens in fictional narratives. In Lewis s terms in television news there is no enigma the solution of which will motivate the viewing process. As he baldly states If we decided to try to design a television programme with a structure that would completely fail to capture an audience s interest we might finally come up with the format of the average television news show Lewis 1991 . What Lewis also does is offer an interesting contrast in this respect between the high-status phenomenon of television news and the low-status genre of soap opera. The latter he observes offers the most highly developed use of effective narrative codes. To that extent soap opera with its multiple narratives could be seen in formal terms as the most effective type of television for the cultivation of viewer interest and -certainly as a far more effective form than that of television