tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "The role of toll-like receptors in acute and chronic lung inflammation"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: The role of toll-like receptors in acute and chronic lung inflammation. | Lafferty et al. Journal of Inflammation 2010 7 57 http content 7 1 57 JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION REVIEW Open Access The role of toll-like receptors in acute and chronic lung inflammation Erin I Lafferty1 Salman T Qureshi1 2 Markus Schnare3 Abstract By virtue of its direct contact with the environment the lung is constantly challenged by infectious and non-infec-tious stimuli that necessitate a robust yet highly controlled host response coordinated by the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Mammalian Toll-like receptors TLRs function as crucial sentinels of microbial and non-infectious antigens throughout the respiratory tract and mediate host innate immunity. Selective induction of inflammatory responses to harmful environmental exposures and tolerance to innocuous antigens are required to maintain tissue homeostasis and integrity. Conversely dysregulated innate immune responses manifest as sustained and self-perpetuating tissue damage rather than controlled tissue repair. In this article we review aspects of Toll-like receptor function that are relevant to the development of acute lung injury and chronic obstructive lung diseases as well as resistance to frequently associated microbial infections. Introduction As an essential interface between the environment and the internal milieu the lungs are continuously exposed to dust pollen chemicals and microbial pathogens. Pneumonia and related patterns of lower respiratory tract infection are a frequent consequence of this interaction and account for a significant proportion of human morbidity and mortality throughout the world 1 2 . To contain potential environmental threats the lungs are equipped with complex and multifaceted host defences. During tidal ventilation the complex geometry of the nasal passages and branching pattern of the central airways impede the penetration of relatively large or heavy infectious particles while tight intercellular junctions ensure the structural .