tailieunhanh - Education, Health, and Development

Opposition—usually but not always from conservative, religious sectors of society—in many countries has blocked or severely hampered the spread of sexuality education. As Senderowitz (2000) points out, of the range of YRH interventions, school-based programs typically are the most exposed to criticism and opposition. Sexuality education programs usually unfold in the public sector, are highly visible, and are often under the control of local authorities and thus more open to revision or elimination. Getting the necessary approval and buy-in from the government, community and religious leaders, parents, and teachers has been a struggle, both for pilot programs. | Education Health and Development David E. Bloom AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS 8c. SCIENCES project on universal basic and secondary education Education Health and Development DAVID E. BLOOM The separate roles of education and health in promoting human development have been extensively studied and discussed. As the impressive social and economic performance of East Asian tigers seems to show strong education and health systems are vital to economic growth and prosperity Asian Development Bank 1997 World Bank 1993 . Moreover the Millennium Development Goals adopted by member states of the United Nations in September 2000 are evidence of an international consensus regarding human development five of the eight goals relate to education or health. Recent research that links education and health suggests novel ways to enhance development policy by taking advantage of the ways in which the two interact. Development is a complex process involving multiple interactions among different components. In addition to health and education the most important drivers of development include governance and other political factors geography and climate cultural and historical legacies a careful openness to trade and foreign investment labor policies that promote productive employment good macroeconomic management some protection against the effects of environmental shocks overall economic orientation and the actions of other countries and international organizations. The interactions among these factors carry important implications for our understanding of the development process as well as for policy. It is now clear that increased access to education although of great importance is by itself no magic bullet. Its positive effects on development may be limited by a lack of job opportunities that require high-level skills and therefore enable people to use education to their economic advantage. And as healthy but poor Cuba and the state of Kerala in India show the impacts of good health on .