tailieunhanh - Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics_2

Tham khảo sách 'advances in lasers and electro optics_2', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | II Applications in Communications 14 Evolution of Optical Sampling Gianluca Berrettini1 Antonella Bogoni2 Francesco Fresi1 Gianluca Meloni2 and Luca Poti2 1Scuola Superiore Sant Anna Pisa 2CNIT - Photonic Networks National Laboratory Via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy 1. Introduction The need of direct measure and monitoring of ultra-fast signal in the time domain is rapidly increasing being of interest in a large number of applications such as ultra-fast communication biophotonics sensing large systems synchronization dynamic characterization and testing of new materials. In particular in the telecommunication field optical sampling can been exploited for high bit rate waveform and eye diagram measurements time resolved state of polarization monitoring and investigation of fiber transmission impairments. Microwave digital sampling techniques are evolved into powerful tools for resolving signals up to 100 GHz Agoston et al. 2003 but electronic bandwidth limitations still remain. Nowadays digital sampling operations in the optical domain look like an effective alternative solution for increasing the sampling bandwidth and resolve signals up to 640 Gb s and beyond. In the optical sampling techniques system the optical signal is sampled in the optical domain by an optical sampling gate. Only then the resulting samples are converted to an electrical signal and detected. In this case the need for high bandwidth electronics is circumvented and the bandwidth of the measurement instrument is only limited by the optical sampling gate. Up to now different kinds of optical sampling techniques have been proposed in order to study the behavior of ultra-fast optical signals. Many solutions implement a synchronous sampling that may enable low jitter high resolution and high accuracy. This technique needs a clock recovery system to synchronize the optical sampling pulses to the signal under test however when the data rate or repetition rate of the analyzed signal is very high the .

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