tailieunhanh - Improving the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among adults and adolescents

Members of the WHO Expert Group on Smear- Negative TB: Getachew Aderaye (Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia), Ludwig Apers (Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium), Leopold Blanc (World Health Organization, Switzerland), Amy Bloom (United States Agency for International Development, United States of America), Jermiah Chakaya (Ministry of Health, Kenya), Liz Corbett (London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, United Kingdom), Haileyesus Getahun (World Health Organization, Switzerland), Charlie Gilks (World Health Organization, Switzerland), Jeroen van Gorkom (KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, the Netherlands), Mark Harrington (Treatment Action Group, United States of America), Pierre-Yves Norval (World Health Organization, Switzerland), Paul Nunn (World Health Organization, Switzerland), Rick O’Brien (Foundation for Innovative and New Diagnostics, Switzerland), T. Santha (Ministry of Health, India) and Jay Varma (United States Centers. | Improving the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary and extrapulmOnary tuberculosis among adults and adolescents Recommendations for HIV-prevalent and resource-constrained settings Improving the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis among adults and adolescents Recommendations for HIV-prevalent and resource-constrained settings STOP TB DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT OF HIV AIDS World Health w Organization World Health Organization 2006 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press World Health Organization 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland tel. 41 22 791 3264 fax 41 22 791 4857 e-mail bookorders@ . Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications - whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution - should be addressed to WHO Press at the above address fax 41 22 791 4806 e-mail permissions@ . The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country territory city or area or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the .