tailieunhanh - Smear microscopy and culture conversion rates among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients by HIV status in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Tanzania ranks 15th among the world’s 22 countries with the largest tuberculosis burden and tuberculosis has continued to be among the major public health problems in the country. Limited data, especially in patients co infected with HIV, are available to predict the duration of time required for a smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patient to achieve sputum conversion after starting effective treatment. In this study we assessed the sputum smear and culture conversion rates among HIV positive and HIV negative smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Dar es Salaam Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study which lasted for nine months, from April to December 2008 Results:. | Senkoro et al. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010 10 210 http 1471-2334 10 210 BMC Infectious Diseases RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Smear microscopy and culture conversion rates among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients by HIV status in Dar es Salaam Tanzania Mbazi Senkoro1 Sayoki G Mfinanga1 Odd M0rkve2 Abstract Background Tanzania ranks 15th among the world s 22 countries with the largest tuberculosis burden and tuberculosis has continued to be among the major public health problems in the country. Limited data especially in patients co infected with HIV are available to predict the duration of time required for a smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patient to achieve sputum conversion after starting effective treatment. In this study we assessed the sputum smear and culture conversion rates among HIV positive and HIV negative smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Dar es Salaam Methods The study was a prospective cohort study which lasted for nine months from April to December 2008 Results A total of 502 smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were recruited. HIV test results were obtained for 498 patients of which were HIV positive. After two weeks of treatment the conversion rate by standard sputum microscopy was higher in HIV positive than HIV negative patients by univariate analysis P but not in multivariate analysis. Also after two weeks of treatment the conversion rate by fluorescence microscopy was higher in HIV positive than in HIV negative patients by univariate analysis P but not in the multivariate analysis. The conversion rates by both methods during the rest of the treatment period 8 12 and 20 weeks were not significantly different between HIV positive and HIV negative patients. With regards to culture the conversion rate during the whole period of the treatment 2 8 12 and 20 weeks were not significantly different between HIV positive and HIV negative patients. .

• Y học thường thức
• Environmentally
• Contingent Variation
• Molecular Chaperones
• Chaperones Mirror
• Photosynthesis
• Light and Photosynthesis
• Human nature and environmentally responsible behavior
• Environmentally Behavior
• Evolutionary approach
• Cognitive approach
• Motivational approach
• Environmentally responsible behavior
• International Conference on Emerging Challenges
• Consumer behavior
• Environmentally friendly products
• The theory of planned behavior
• Environmentally friendly consumer behavior
• Master Thesis in Economics
• Master Thesis in Economics sample
• Environmentally related non tariff barrier
• International trade
• Organic food
• Organic certification
• Market entry strategy
• WTO organzaiton
• Malononitrile Phenyl hydrazine
• Pyrazole 4 carbonitrile
• Environmentally benign catalyst
• Phenyl hydrazine and aromatic aldehyde
• Developing eco friendly tools
• Bacterial leaf blight disease
• Antagonistic microorganisms
• Rice blight desease
• Agricultural production in Vietnam
• Environmentally friendly antagonistic microorganisms
• Summary of Phd thesis
• Factors affecting
• Environmentally friendly packaging products
• Individual customers
• Individual customers in Vietnam
• The awareness of environmentally friendly products
• The impact of green advertising
• The impact of green brand image
• Green Purchase Intention
• Environmental friendly product
• The Indonesian Government
• Luận án Tiến sĩ
• Summary thesis in Chemistry
• Preparing plant nursery
• Environmentally friendly polymer materials
• Polymer materials
• Summary of Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry
• Doctoral Thesis in Chemistry
• Journal of Chemistry
• Poly L Dopa
• Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)
• Metal organic framework
• Environmentally friendly supercapacitors
• Vegan sausage with young green jackfruit
• Oyster mushroom
• Environmentally friendly product
• Cleaner production approach
• Soy driven deforestation
• Vegan product development
• Social Sciences
• Perceived quality
• Customer loyalty
• Customer trust
• Environmentally friendly electronics
• Perceived risk
• Master's thesis
• Master's thesis of Applied Science
• Theoretical design
• Environmentally responsive clean coatings
• Molecular dynamics
• Organic coatings
• environmentally related
• drawbacks
• innovation
• Case studies
• Thioformamide derivatives
• Environmentally green synthesis
• Multicomponent reactions (MCRs)
• Mesoionic rhodanine
• the environment
• Foreign Direct Investment
• Environmental Development
• resource sector
• FDI
• Environmentally Sensitive Sectors
• air conditioning
• technologies
• minimal energy consumption
• EAC technologies
• chemical refrigerants
• excellent cooling
• Overload failures
• Creep failures
• Brittle fracture
• Fatigue
• Environmental attack
• Environmentally assisted cracking