tailieunhanh - Tuberculosis Infection Control

The infectiousness of a TB patient is directly related to the number of droplet nuclei carrying M. tuberculosis (tubercle bacilli) that are expelled into the air. Depending on the environment, these tiny particles can remain suspended in the air for several hours. M. tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, not by surface contact. Infection occurs when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis, and the droplet nuclei traverse the mouth or nasal passages, upper respiratory tract, and bronchi to reach the alveoli of the lungs. Persons with extrapulmonary TB disease may have concurrent unsuspected pulmonary or laryngeal TB disease. Except for. | Chapter 7 Tuberculosis Infection Control Table of Contents Chapter TB Infection Control TB Infection Control TB Infection Control in Nontraditional Facility-based TB Infection Control in the Chapter Chapter Objectives After working through this chapter you should be able to Describe the factors that determine the infectiousness of a tuberculosis TB patient Explain the main goals of a TB infection control program Discuss the three levels of an effective TB infection control program Explain the purpose and the characteristics of a TB airborne infection isolation room and Describe the circumstances when respirators and surgical masks should be used. Chapter 7 - Tuberculosis Infection Control 187 Introduction M. tuberculosis can be transmitted in virtually any setting. Clinicians should be aware that transmission has been documented in health-care settings where health-care workers HCWs and patients come in contact with persons with infectious TB who Have unsuspected TB disease Have not received adequate or appropriate treatment or Have not been separated from others. Health-care settings in this context include clinics and hospitals as well as nontraditional facilitybased settings such as emergency medical services correctional facilities home-based health-care and outreach settings long-term care facilities and homeless shelters. People who work or receive care in health-care settings as referenced above are at higher risk for becoming infected with M. tuberculosis therefore it is necessary to have a TB infection control plan as part of a general infection control program designed to ensure the following Prompt detection of TB Airborne precautions and Treatment of persons who have been suspected or confirmed to have TB disease see Chapter 2 Transmission and Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis . People who work or receive care in health-care settings .

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