tailieunhanh - PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY (HAART) IN DAR ES SALAAM MUNICIPAL, TANZANIA

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium is a major disease burden globally. In 2006 it was estimated that there was million incident cases, and among these million cases were HIV-positive. The HIV prevalence in TB patients is less than 1% in the Western Pacific but 22% in Africa, however, in countries with the highest HIV prevalence; more than 75% of cases of TB are HIV-associated. Southern Africa has the highest prevalence of HIV infection and had the highest incidence of TB before the HIV/AIDS era (Badri et al, 2002; WHO, 2008) | PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HIV INFECTED PATIENTS IN THE ERA OF HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY HAART IN DAR ES SALAAM MUNICIPAL TANZANIA Author Veneranda Masatu Bwana MPH 2009 Supervisor Associate Professor Lennarth Nystrom Umeâ International School of Public Health Umea University Sweden. 1 ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary Tuberculosis TB among HIV-infected patients and to estimate the effect of HAART on the development of pulmonary TB. Subjects and Methods During February 2009 a cross-sectional study of 174 HIV positive patients on HAART 15-49 years old was performed in Dar es Salaam Tanzania. Information was collected at exit interviews and from the patients case files using a questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS. Results There were 102 males 59 and 72 females 41 . The median age was 37 years Range 16-49 years . All but three was in first line of HAART treatment and good adherence was reported by 80 . The prevalence of TB before HAART initiation was found to be higher than after HAART initiation 29 vs. p . Among those diagnosed with TB after HAART the median time between TB diagnosis and at HAART initiation was 146 days Range 14-1481 days . The median CD4 Count at time of TB diagnosis was 111cells pl Range 6-418 cells pl . Conclusion HAART has largely contributed to the reduction of prevalence of TB among people living with HIV. However more strategic preventive measures that enhance body immunity among HIV patients are highly needed as early as possible before they develop active TB. A sustainable effective intervention especially through vaccination is highly recommended. Keywords Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevalence HIV infection HAART Dar es Salaam Tanzania 2 CONTENT CONTENT PAGE TITLE 1 ABSTRACT 2 ABBREVIATIONS 4 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 5 LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Problem statement 9 Rationale 9 Aims 10 SUBJECTS AND METHODS 11 Study area 11 Health care system

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