tailieunhanh - CURRENT CLINICAL UROLOGY - PART 9

Councill bóng ống thông tiếp giáp với các điểm tổn thương tĩnh mạch. Khi những biện pháp này không thành công hoặc bệnh nhân có huyết động không ổn định, động mạch thận phải được tiến hành với mục đích để tiến hành thuyên tắc | Chapter 17 Complications of Percutaneous Approaches 287 Councill balloon catheter adjacent to the point of venous injury. When these measures are unsuccessful or the patient is hemodynamically unstable renal arteriography should be undertaken with the intent to proceed with embolization. Significant hemorrhage can develop when the ureteropelvic junction is incised during endopyelotomy. This can be avoided by carefully aligning the incision to avoid crossing vessels. Preoperative computed tomographic or magnetic resonance angiography is recommended for secondary UPJ obstruction UPJO and cases involving ectopic kidneys as vascular anatomy is not highly predictable. Others advocate endoluminal ultrasonography for this purpose 24 . When significant hemorrhage arises from the incised UPJ a 24-Fr dilating balloon should be placed across this area and inflated for 10 minutes. The balloon is then deflated and if bleeding persists or the patient is hemodynamically unstable the balloon is reinflated and angiographic embolization undertaken if possible. Open surgical exploration with vascular repair or nephrectomy may be needed if these measures are unsuccessful. Postoperative Hemorrhage Significant hemorrhage may occur at any time following surgery. Fortunately serious postoperative bleeding requiring intervention other than tamponade occurs rarely 21 25 . If postoperative bleeding occurs with the nephrostomy tube in place the previously discussed measures should be undertaken. When the tube is out and there is high volume bleeding from the tract initial digital tamponade is recommended with subsequent placement of a tamponade catheter under fluoroscopic guidance. Management then includes bedrest and blood transfusions as necessary. If bleeding persists transfusion-dependent anemia develops or the patient becomes hemodynamically unstable renal arteriography with superselective embolization may be performed. The most common causes of postoperative bleeding are laceration of .

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