tailieunhanh - báo cáo khoa hoc : Extracellular TG2: emerging functions and regulation

Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of Ca 2+ -dependent crosslinking enzymes. Unlike other family members, TG2 is a multifunctional protein, which has several other well documented enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. | IFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Extracellular TG2 emerging functions and regulation Alexey M. Belkin Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center and Center for Stem CellBiology and Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland Schoolof Medicine Baltimore MD USA Keywords cell-ECM interactions endocytosis endosomalrecycling integrin membrane trafficking non-classicalprotein secretion protein-phospholipid interaction signaling syndecan transglutaminase Correspondence A. M. Belkin Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Maryland Schoolof Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA Fax 1 410 706 8031 Tel 1 410 706 8031 E-mail abelkin@ Tissue transglutaminase TG2 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of Ca2 -dependent crosslinking enzymes. Unlike other family members TG2 is a multifunctional protein which has several other well documented enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. A significant body of evidence accumulated over the last decade reveals multiple and complex activities of this protein on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix ECM including its role in the regulation of cell-ECM interactions and outside-in signaling by several types of transmembrane receptors. Moreover recent findings indicate a dynamic regulation of the levels and functions of extracellular TG2 by several complementary mechanisms. This review summarizes and assesses recent research into the emerging functions and regulation of extracellular TG2. Received 2 April 2011 revised 11 July 2011 accepted 12 July 2011 doi Introduction There are eight related transglutaminase genes in the human genome 1 . Transglutaminase 2 TG2 is a member of the transglutaminase family which displays the transamidating crosslinking function 1 2 . In this series the minireviews by Kiraly et al. 3 and by Walther et al. 4 explore the novel