tailieunhanh - Testing Costs and Testing Capacity According to the REACH Requirements – Results of a Survey of Independent and Corporate GLP Laboratories in the EU and Switzerland

History of Economics (3-4 semester credits) This course examines the history of economics over the past two centuries. Topics address development of the principal schools of economic theory including social, political and philosophical impacts upon economic theories. Students will address the main works of Malthus, . Mill, Marx, Keynes and Galbraith and others. Microeconomic Principles (3-4 semester credits) Students analyze the impact of individual decision making units and the consequential behaviors of individual firms, corporations and industries in the economy. Students will examine microeconomic theory and analysis and decision-making functions of individual and collective economic units | Journal of Business Chemistry Vol. 4 Issue 3 September 2007 Research Paper Testing Costs and Testing Capacity According to the REACH Requirements Results of a Survey of Independent and Corporate GLP Laboratories in the EU and Switzerland Manfred Fleischer Research Affiliate at the Social Science Research Center Berlin WZB Im Uelenbend 3a 52159 Roetgen-Rott Germany Telephone 492471133531 mf@ Abstract This study focuses on the prices for laboratory testing services and testing capacity in nine of the major European chemicals producing countries. The purpose is to bridge the existing gap of a representative study on test prices and the available testing capacity. At the core are seventy-six test categories in particular toxicological and ecotoxicological tests as required by REACH the EU Chemicals Policy Review. The price and capacity information was gathered by a survey of twenty-eight independent and corporate laboratories in the second half of 2004. The survey aimed at finding out minimum average and maximum estimates of costs prices and the available average and maximum testing capacities. The data exploration has shown a considerable variability in the prices for single tests. For reasons of completeness an overview of the testing cost for a registration according to the four work packages of REACH is provided. The most difficult issue was the estimation of average and maximum testing capacities. Surprisingly the large laboratories supply with the vast amount of the total capacity available for testing chemicals in the nine European countries the survey has covered. A complete set of tables and figures representing detailed price and capacity information is available upon e-mail request to the author. 2007 Institute of Business Administration 96 ISSN 1613-9615 Journal of Business Chemistry Fleischer September 2007 Introduction An effective system of chemicals control in the EU calls for

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