tailieunhanh - GIÁO TRÌNH NGỮ NGHĨA HỌC TIẾNG ANH – PHẦN 3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'giáo trình ngữ nghĩa học tiếng anh – phần 3', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 50. No man is an island entire of itself every man is a piece of the continent. Hyponymy Definition Hyponymy is a relation in which the referent of a word is totally included in the referent of another word. In other words hyponymy is the relationship between each of the hyponymS2 the lower word and its superordinate2 the higher word cook I I I I I I I grill toast boil fry22 23 24 roast bake smoke . Stir-fry sauté deep-fry Distinction between a hyponym and a superordinate 22 Hyponyms are also referred to as subordinates or specific lexical items. 23 Superordinates are also referred to as hyper o nyms or generic lexical items. 24 stir-fry fry vegetables meat etc. for a short time in very hot oil while stirring them sauté fry food like potatoes quickly in a little fat deep-fry fry food like potatoes quickly in hot fat that completely covers them http 57 A hyponym is a word whose referent is totally included in the referent of another word the prefix hypo- in hyponym means below . Finegan 1994 165 Accordingly a superordinate is a word whose referent covers all the referents of its hyponyms. The prefix hyperin hyper o nym means over. Ex1. plant tree bush shrub flowering plant moss grass . Hyponyms often exist at more than one level resulting in multiple layers of hyponymic relationships Ex2. colour I I I 1 I I I blue red yellow green black . turquoise aquamarine rOyal blue In this case blue is a word that has a hyponym and a superordinate at the same time. Since turquoise aquamarine and royal blue refer to different shades of blue these words are IMMEDIATE hyponyms Palmer 1981 87 of blue. The word blue in its turn is along with many other colour terms an IMMEDIATE hyponym of colour. We thus obtain a hierarchy of 25 Turquoise greenish blue aquamarine bluish green royal blue deep bright blue http 58 terms related to each other through hyponymic relationships. Similar hierarchies can be established for many lexical fields

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