tailieunhanh - Air Pollution from Wood-burning Fireplaces and Stoves

The physician-based assessment of ALRI and COPD is unlikely to be feasible for most small- to medium-scale projects and programmes, unless they partner with a research or governmental agency interested in conducting a thorough health study. On the other hand, a combination of qualitative methods (such as key informant interviews and focus group discussions) and a questionnaire-based health assessment can yield results of great value to both the community and the implementers, as well as relevant insights for public health. The presentation is complemented by a practical exercise entitled "Health and well-being: questionnaires in practice". This exercise encourages participants to try out example child and women's health questionnaires and to identify challenges in relation. | Air Pollution from Wood-burning Fireplaces and Stoves Dr. Sheela V. Basrur Medical Officer of Health December 2002 Reference Toronto Public Health. Air Pollution from Wood-burning Fireplaces and Stoves. Toronto City of Toronto December 2002. Authors Sarah Gingrich and Ronald Macfarlane Acknowledgements The assistance of the following people who contributed information and comments to this report is gratefully acknowledged Monica Campbell Kim Perrotta Angela Li-Muller Carol Mee Marina Johnston John Gulland Tex Macleod Cengiz Kahramanoglu Karl Hemmerich Christopher Morgan Eric Loi Anita Wong Bob Cornelius France Labrech June Yoo Kathleen Molloy Skip Hayden Charron Raouf Morcos Alain Gosselin and Jean-Francois Banville. Distribution Health Promotion Environmental Protection Office Toronto Public Health 277 Victoria Street 7th floor Toronto Ontario Canada M5B 1W2 Telephone 416 392-6788 Fax 416 392-7418 i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 A Note on Terminology 1 2 SIGNIFICANCE OF WOOD SMOKE EMISSIONS 2 3 TYPES OF RESIDENTIAL WOOD-BURNING APPLIANCES 3 Wood Stoves 3 Wood-burning Fireplaces 4 Natural Gas Appliances 5 4 CONTAMINANTS IN WOOD SMOKE 5 Estimating Emissions of Individual Contaminants 5 Particulate Matter 5 Carbon Monoxide 6 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 6 Dioxins 6 Volatile Organic Compounds 6 Emissions from Different Types of Fireplaces and Stoves 6 Impact of Fuel Type on Emissions 10 5 HEALTH EFFECTS OF WOOD SMOKE 10 Health Effects Associated with the Mixture of Contaminants in Wood Smoke 10 Health Effects Associated with Individual Contaminants in Wood Smoke 11 Particulate Matter 11 Carbon Monoxide 12 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 12 Dioxins 12 Volatile Organic Compounds 12 6 CURRENT POLICY ON RESIDENTIAL WOOD-BURNING EMISSIONS 13 National Level 13 Ontario Government 14 Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing 14 Ministry of