tailieunhanh - MEASUREMENTS OF OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION FROM SECONDHAND SMOKE ON THE UMBC CAMPUS

The summary for Module 2 Indoor Air Pollution Monitoring was prepared by David Pennise. Presentations were put together by David Pennise, Kyra Naumoff, CEIHD (based on materials created by Kirk Smith, University of California at Berkeley) and Eva Rehfuess. The summary for Module 3 Monitoring Impacts on Health and Well-Being was prepared by Eva Rehfuess. Presentations were put together by Eva Rehfuess and Jonathan Rouse, in collaboration with Nigel Bruce and Kirstie Jagoe. The summary for Module 4 Stove Performance was pre- pared by Mike Hatfield, Aprovecho Research Center. Presentations were put together by Mike Hatfield, Peter Scott and Dean Still at Aprovecho Research Center. The summary for Module 5 Monitoring Socioeconomic Impacts was. | MEASUREMENTS OF OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION FROM SECONDHAND SMOKE ON THE UMBC CAMPUS James Repace MSc. Repace Associates Inc. 101 Felicia Lane Bowie MD 20720 June 1 2005 Introduction. Individual cigarettes are point sources of air pollution smoking in groups becomes an area source. Outdoor air pollutants from individual point sources are subject to plume rise if the temperature of the smoke plume is hotter than the surrounding air however if the plume has a small cross-section as for a cigarette it will rapidly cool and lose its upward momentum and then will subside as the combustion particles and gases are heavier than air. Thus in the case of no wind the cigarette plume will rise to a certain height and then descend and for a group of smokers for example sitting in an outdoor cafe on a hospital patio or in stadium seats their smoke will tend to saturate the local area with secondhand smoke SHS . In the case where there is wind the amount of thermally-induced plume rise is inversely proportional to the wind velocity -doubling the wind velocity will halve the plume rise. In this case the cigarette plume will resemble a cone tilted at an angle to the vertical. The width of the cone and its angle with the ground will depend upon the wind velocity a higher wind will create a more horizontal but wider cone due to increased turbulence with uncertain impact on exposure to SHS for downwind nonsmokers. If there are multiple cigarette sources the downwind concentrations will consist of multiple intersecting cones . overlapping plumes. As the wind direction changes SHS pollution will be spread in various directions fumigating downwind nonsmokers. SHS contains a large quantity of respirable particles which can cause breathing difficulty for those with chronic respiratory diseases or trigger an asthmatic attack in those with disabling asthma. For the remainder of nonsmokers Junker et al. report eye nasal and throat irritation thresholds for 24 healthy young adult .