tailieunhanh - FACT SHEET: Outdoor Air Pollution From Secondhand Smoke

Denmark. Boffi et al. (2006) measured OTS respirable particle pollution in a car park (open space), outdoors in front of a conference center with smokers under a roof (18 smokers during a measurement time of 35 min), indoors in the nonsmoking conference center, along the motorway to Copenhagen city centre, and inside a Copenhagen restaurant where smoking was allowed. Boffi et al. (2006) found that mean values observed with smokers in front of the conference center were significantly higher than the outdoor parking place, indoor conference center, motorway and Copenhagen outdoor official data. • Finland. . | FACT SHEET Outdoor Air Pollution From Secondhand Smoke James L. Repace Visiting Assistant Professor Tufts University School of Medicine and Repace Associates Inc. 101 Felicia Lane Bowie MD 20720 . 1. Tobacco smoke contains at least 172 toxic substances including 3 regulated outdoor air pollutants 33 Hazardous Air Pollutants 47 Chemicals restricted as Hazardous Waste and 67 Known Human or Animal Carcinogens Repace 2006 . This is true whether tobacco smoke is inhaled in the act of smoking or inhaled by nonsmokers out of the air indoors or outdoors. 2. The concentration of tobacco smoke pollution of buildings secondhand smoke SHS is governed by the density of smokers and by the ventilation rate. Tobacco smoke pollution outdoors or outdoor tobacco smoke OTS is determined by the density of smokers the wind velocity direction and speed and the stablity of the atmosphere. 3. SHS concentrations persist for hours after smoking ceases indoors while OTS concentrations dissipate rapidly after smoking stops outdoors. However during smoking OTS levels outdoors may be as high as SHS indoors. 4. A limited number of controlled experiments and field studies of OTS have been conducted in California Europe in the Caribbean and in Maryland California 1 . The California Air Resources Board study CARB 2006 measured OTS nicotine concentrations outside an airport college government center office complex and amusement park. CARB found that at these typical outdoor locations Californians may be exposed to OTS levels as high as indoor SHS concentrations. CARB found that OTS was strongly affected by counts of the number of smokers and moderately affected by the size of the smoking area and the measured wind speed. The CARB study indicated that OTS concentrations are detectable and sometimes comparable to indoor concentrations and demonstrates that the number of cigarettes being smoked . total source strength the position of smokers relative to the receptor and .