tailieunhanh - MARPOL ANNEX VI AIR POLLUTION PREVENTION REQUIREMENTS

The southeasterly wind pattern measured at Chalco was the most consistent flow feature measured during the experimental period. These winds developed in the mid-afternoon in a layer up to 1 km deep and continued for several hours. The local upslope flows evident in the early afternoon in the southwestern part of the basin were weaker and shallower than anticipated. These flows have been associated with the prevalence of high ozone concentrations in this area of the valley. On about half of the days studied, late afternoon drainage flows from the northeast, beginning at about 1800 CST and persisting for several hours, ventilated the valley. Mixed layers grew. | June 27 2011 Re MARPOL Annex VI Air Pollution Prevention Requirements Dear Shipowners Ship Operators Shipbuilders Marine Diesel Engine Manufacturers Marine Fuel Suppliers and any other interested groups This letter is to remind you of certain regulations for prevention of air pollution from ships. Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships MARPOL has been effective in the United States . since January 8 2009. As of that date all . flagged vessels 1 and . flagged ships operating in . waters must comply with MARPOL Annex VI regulations. Some of the regulations are applicable only to ships of 400 gross tonnage and above2 while other regulations are applicable to all ships. The regulations include requirements for engines and for the quality of fuel to be burned in those engines. Additionally more stringent engine and fuel standards apply to ships operating in Emission Control Areas ECAs listed in MARPOL Annex VI. The United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA and the United States Coast Guard USCG are taking measures to promote compliance with the regulations including investigating potential violations and pursuing enforcement actions and related penalties for any violations. I. Annex VI as Implemented Through the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships MARPOL Annex VI is implemented in the United States through the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships APPS .3 Both Annex VI and APPS include provisions related to the certification of vessels and engines operational requirements fuels requirements and record keeping requirements. Annex VI includes progressively more stringent limits for both sulfur oxide SOX emissions primarily through control of sulfur content in fuels as well as progressively more stringent limits for nitrogen oxide NOX emissions. NOX emission standards can be found in Regulation 13 of Annex VI and in the Technical Code on Control of Emission of Nitrogen Oxides from Marine Diesel Engines NOx