tailieunhanh - The Temporal Pattern of Mortality Responses to Air Pollution: A Multicity Assessment of Mortality Displacement

Experts agree that source control is the only completely effective way to remove pollutants from indoor environments. They also agree that total eradication of indoor air pollutants is often not feasible or practical. A more realistic goal is to use building materials, furnishings, finishes, office equipment, cleaning products and processes that emit low levels of VOCs. Products that are regularly tested to ensure their chemical and particle emissions meet acceptable IAQ pollutant guidelines and standards may be found in the GREENGUARD Product Guide, which can be accessed at no charge on the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute’s (GEI) website (). Visit us at . | The Temporal Pattern of Mortality Responses to Air Pollution A Multicity Assessment of Mortality Displacement Antonella Zanobetti 1 Joel Schwartz 1 Evi Samoli 2 Alexandras Gryparis 2 Giota Touloumi 2 Richard Atkinson 3 Alain Le Tertre 4 Janos Bobros 5 Martin Celko 6 Ayana Goren 7 Bertil Forsberg 8 Paola Michelozzi 9 Daniel Rabczenko 10 Emiliano Aranguez Ruiz 11 and Klea Katsouyanni2 Abstract Although the association between particulate matter and mortality or morbidity is generally accepted controversy remains about the importance of the association. If it is due solely to the deaths of frail individuals which are brought forward by only a brief period of time the public health implications of the association are fewer than if there is an increase in the number of deaths. Recently other research has addressed the mortality displacement issue in single-city analysis. We analyzed this issue with a distributed lag model in a multicity hierarchic modeling approach within the Air Pollution and Health A European Approach APHEA-2 study. We fit a Poisson regression model and a polynomial distributed lag model with up to 40 days of delay in each city. In the second stage we combined the city-specific Key words air pollution mortality mortality displacement. results. We found that the overall effect of particulate matter less than 10 M in aerodynamic diameter PM10 per 10 g m3 for the fourth-degree distributed lag model is a increase in daily deaths 95 CI whereas the mean of PM10 on the same day and the previous day is associated with only a increase in deaths 95 CI . This result is unchanged using an unconstrained distributed lag model. Our study confirms that the effects observed in daily time-series studies are not due primarily to short-term mortality displacement. The effect size estimate for airborne particles more than doubles when we consider longer-term effects which has important implications for risk assessment. Epidemiology 2002 13 .