tailieunhanh - Impacts of air pollution on human health, ecosystems and cultural heritage

We use three models to estimate health damages from PM10. First, we use an air dispersion model to estimate each source’s contribution to annual average ambient levels of PM10 at several thousand receptor locations in Paso del Norte. Next, we use a health effects model to estimate the number of cases of human mortality and morbidity that result from this pollution each year. Finally, we use a valuation model to calculate the dollar values of these health impacts. This section briefly discusses each of these models. A more detailed discussion is available in Blackman et. | Impacts of air pollution on human health ecosystems and cultural heritage Working Group on Effects Convention on Long-range Tnmsbouiidiirj Air Pollution Air pollution causes damage to human health crops ecosystems and cultural heritage The scientific data presented in this brochure have been collated by the Working Group on Effects to support the revision of the 1999 Protocol to Abate Acidification Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone. This Protocol is one of the eight multilateral environmental agreements under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution LRTAP . Since its ratification in 1979 this Convention has contributed to lower transboundary air pollution through policy measures based on scientific studies and collaborations. These agreements on emission reductions cover the following air pollutants Sulphur dioxide - emitted from fossil fuel burning industry households transport sulphur dioxide causes acidification of soils streams and lakes and leads to erosion of building materials including cultural heritage. Particulate matter - small particles emitted from fossil fuel burning and natural fires cause human health problems and lead to soiling of materials and damage to cultural heritage. Fine particulate matter is a significant health f problem in urban areas. . Ozone - formed by chemical reactions in sunlight from air pollutants emitted from fossil fuel burning and industry. Both peak ozone concentrations and rising background concentrations have negative impacts on human health ._ị crop production tree and other vegetation growth. X pg ammonia m-3 2020 t - M Reactive nitrogen - nitrogen oxides are emitted from fossil fuel burning and ammonia is emitted from agricultural activities. Nitrogen is a nutrient and its increased deposition affects plant biodiversity. In addition nitrogen contributes to acidification of soils and waters. d Sulphur dioxide deposition has killed fish in lakes 250 200 and