tailieunhanh - Air Pollution Damage to Plants

We use a series of computational models to estimate health damages attributable to air pollution from these plants, we compare these damages to estimates of damages from non-maquiladora industrial polluters, and we use regression analysis to determine whether the poor suffer disproportionately from maquiladora air pollution. We find that air pollution from maquiladoras has serious consequences for human health, including respiratory disease and premature mortality. However, maquiladoras are clearly not the leading cause of air pollution in Ciudad Juárez and El Paso. Moreover, most maquiladoras are probably less important sources of dangerous air pollution than at least. | ALABAMA A M AND AUBURN UNIVERSITIES ALABAMA COOPERATIVE Extension SYSTEM Your Experts for Life ANR-913 The annual losses of food and fiber crops ornamental plants turfgrasses and trees in the United States caused by air pollution are estimated to be more than a billion dollars. Injury caused by air pollution is often evident on plants before it can affect humans or other animals. This publication discusses the more important pollutants including the inorganic pollutants sulfur dioxide fluoride chlorine and ozone and the organic pollutants peroxyacetyl nitrate PAN and ethylene. It describes their symptoms and the concentration likely to cause plant injury. It also lists plants that are very sensitive to the pollutant and plants which are somewhat resistant. Symptoms of Air Pollution Damage to Plants The effects of pollution on plants include mottled foliage burning at leaf tips or margins twig dieback stunted growth premature leaf drop delayed maturity abortion or early drop of blossoms and reduced yield or quality Figure 1 . In general the visible injury to plants is of three types 1 collapse of leaf tissue with the development of necrotic patterns 2 yellowing or other color changes and 3 alterations in growth or premature loss of foliage. Injury from air pollution can be confused with the symptoms caused by fungi bacteria viruses nematodes insects nutritional deficiencies and toxicities and the adverse effects of temperature wind and water. Air Pollution Damage to Plants Figure 1. Dark pigmented stipple on upper surface of yellow poplar leaves exposed to ozone. Factors Influencing Air Pollution Injury to Plants Plant injury caused by air pollution is most common near large cities smelters refineries electric power plants airports highways incinerators refuse dumps pulp and paper mills and coal- gas- or petroleum-burning furnaces. Plant injury also occurs near industries that produce brick pottery cement aluminum copper nickel iron or steel zinc acids ceramics .

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