tailieunhanh - Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Injury

Clear the Air is a joint project of three leading air quality groups: the Clean Air Task Force, National Environmental Trust and . PIRG Education Fund. The Clean Air Task Force is a non-profit organization dedicated to restoring clean air and healthy environments through scientific research, public education and legal advocacy. The National Environmental Trust was established in 1994 as a non-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to applying modern communications and public education techniques to environmental education and advocacy. The . PIRG Education Fund is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization that conducts independent research, and educates and organizes the public about a wide variety of environmental, consumer. | Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Published by Elsevier Inc. Vol. 52 No. 9 2008 ISSN 0735-1097 08 doi STATE-OF-THE-ART PAPER Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Injury Epidemiology Toxicology and Mechanisms Boris Z. Simkhovich MD PhD ỷ Michael T. Kleinman PhD Robert A. Kloner MD PhD FACC t Los Angeles and Irvine California Recent epidemiologic studies show that increased levels of air pollutants are positively associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inhalation of air pollutants affects heart rate heart rate variability blood pressure vascular tone blood coagulability and the progression of atherosclerosis. Several categories within the general population . people with pre-existing cardiovascular disease and diabetic and elderly individuals are considered to be more susceptible to air pollution-mediated cardiovascular effects. Major mechanisms of inhalation-mediated cardiovascular toxicity include activation of pro-inflammatory pathways and generation of reactive oxygen species. Although most studies focus on the influence of systemic effects recent studies indicate that ultraflne particles may be translocated into the circulation and directly transported to the vasculature and heart where they can induce cardiac arrhythmias and decrease cardiac contractility and coronary flow. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008 52 719-26 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation Air pollution significantly increases both morbidity and mortality in the general population 1-4 . High respiratory vulnerability has been widely acknowledged as a major component of the adverse health effects of air pollution 5 6 . However during the last 15 years air pollution-induced cardiovascular toxicity has become the focus of intensive studies among cardiologists and specialists in environmental medicine 7-12 . In the current review we summarize data regarding the cardiovascular .

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