tailieunhanh - Air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated links between very severe pollution episodes and increased mortality of infants and others. One of the most famous focused on a “killer fog” in London, England and found dramatic increases in cardiopulmonary mortality (Logan and Glasg, 1953). It has been less clear whether levels of air pollution that are common in the . today have effects on infant health. Previous epidemiological research on the effects of moderate pollution levels on prenatal health suggest negative effects but have produced inconsistent results. Chart 1 provides a list of previous studies examining this relationship, limiting our reviewto develop- ing countries that are likely to have comparable levels of pollutions to. | INVITED REVIEW SERIES AIR POLLUTION AND LUNG HEALTH SERIES EDITORS IAN YANG AND STEPHEN HOLGATE Air pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease FANNY . KO AND David . HUI Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong ABSTRACT Limited data suggest that outdoor air pollution such as ambient air pollution or traffic-related air pollution and indoor air pollution such as second-hand smoking and biomass fuel combustion exposure are associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD but there is insufficient evidence to prove a causal relationship at this stage. It also appears that outdoor air pollution is a significant environmental trigger for acute exacerbation of COPD leading to increasing symptoms emergency department visits hospital admissions and even mortality. Improving ambient air pollution and decreasing indoor biomass combustion exposure by improving home ventilation are effective measures that may substantially improve the health of the general public. Key words air pollution chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development exacerbation. INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is an important disease worldwide in both high-income and low-income By the year 2020 it has been estimated that COPD will rank fifth among the conditions with a high burden to society and third among the most important causes of death for both The Authors Dr Fanny Ko is a respiratory specialist physician currently holding a position as an Associate Consultant in the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong. She is also the Honorary Clinical Associate Professor of the Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Her main research interest is in the area of asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Dr David Hui is the Stanley Ho Professor of Respiratory Medicine of the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Honorary Consultant

• Môi trường
• Genetic Resources
• Spices Genetic
• Vegetatively Propagated
• Solenostemon rotundifolius
• Dioscorea Species
• Equipment and Assays
• Triticum aestivum L
• Wheat genetic resources
• Genetic resources institut
• Crop improvement
• World’s aquatic genetic resources
• Aquatic genetic resources for food
• Aquatic genetic resources for agriculture
• Global trends in fisheries and aquaculture
• Marine fisheries
• Cryopreservation of fruit genetic resources
• Fruit genetic resources
• Demand intensive field management
• Base collections of crops
• Plant genetic resources
• Character association analysis
• Mulberry genetic resources
• Agro morphological markers
• Trait association analysis
• Jammu and Kashmir
• Indian state of Jammu
• Diversified animal genetic resources
• Overview of diversified animal genetic resources
• Promising employment opportunities
• Flower retention period
• Maturity period
• Yield characteristics
• Desirable traits in genetic resources
• Relation to seed cotton yield
• Foxtail millet
• Genetic divergence
• Tocher’s method
• Foxtail millet genetic resources
• Grain yield and nutritional traits
• BMC Genomics
• Genetic diversity
• Genetic base broadening
• Pre breeding
• Genomic prediction
• Clonal evaluation
• EC MTP 48
• Superior SRC
• Pulping quality
• Clonal evaluation of eucalyptus genetic resources
• Eucalyptus genetic resources
• Lilium spp hereditary genetic resources
• presenting the report
• agricultural reports
• technical crops
• bio technology
• white lilies
• Lilium
• Chinese millet genetic resources
• Metric traits
• Principal component analysis
• Chinese millet (Setaria italica (L ) Beauv )
• BMC Genetics
• Perennial ryegrass
• Genetic pools
• Hybrid breeding
• Biotic stress
• DUS descriptors
• Inbred lines
• Source germplasm
• Major diseases
• Tolerance to abiotic stresses
• Red tamarind
• Path analysis
• Red tamarind (Tamarindus indica var rhodocarpha)
• Coefficient analysis
• ABS elements elements
• Facilitate domestic implementation
• Benefit sharing for different subsectors
• Agriculture with explanatory notes
• Bacterial wilt
• Ralstonia solanacearum
• Viral diseases
• Viral diseases complex
• Diseases resistance in potato
• Genetic resources respond
• Summary of Agricultural Doctoral thesis
• Summary of Doctoral thesis
• Evaluating genetic resources
• Analyzing molecular markers related
• Egg yield traits
• Physio chemical properties
• Moisture content
• Bamboo genetic resources
• Various age gradations
• Paper production
• Exotic germplasm
• Forage yield
• Human consumption
• Grain yield
• Plant Biology
• Chenopodium quinoa
• Chenopodium album
• Peronospora variabilis
• Downy mildew
• Quantitative resistance
• Journal of Science and Technology
• Genetic diversity in the natural populations
• Pinus dalatensis ferré
• Assessed by SSR markers
• The genetic resources of P
• dalatensis species
• Amplified fragment length polymorphism
• Leaf antioxidant properties
• Molecular markers
• Ailanthus excels
• Biometric attributes
• Heritability and genetic advance
• Ailanthus excelsa Roxb
• Random amplified polymorphic DNA
• Genetic relationships
• RAPD dendrogram
• Phenotypic similarity