tailieunhanh - AIR POLLUTION: heaLth, environmentaL, anD cLimate imPacts

In the year 2004, outdoor air pollution in urban areas was responsible for almost million deaths (2% of all deaths) and of the global burden of disease. 1 Transportation-related air pollution, which is a significant contributor to total urban air pollution, increases the risks of cardiopulmonary-related deaths and non-allergic respiratory disease. Some evidence supports an association of transportation-related air pollution with increased risks of lung cancer, myocardial infarction, increased inflammatory response and adverse pregnancy outcomes (. premature birth and low birth weight). 11 Exposure to particulate matter, including metals, has been linked to a range of adverse. | AIR POLLUTION hEALTh ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE IMPACTS Air pollution can affect our health in many ways. Numerous scientific studies have linked air pollution to a variety of health problems including 1 aggravation of respiratory and cardiovascular disease 2 decreased lung function 3 increased frequency and severity of respiratory symptoms such as difficulty breathing and coughing 4 increased susceptibility to respiratory infections 5 effects on the nervous system including the brain such as IQloss and impacts on learning memory and behavior 6 cancer and 7 premature death. Some sensitive individuals appear to be at greater risk for air pollution-related health effects for example those with pre-existing heart and lung diseases . heart failure ischemic heart disease asthma emphysema and chronic bronchitis diabetics older adults and children. In 2008 approximately 127 million people lived in counties that exceeded national air quality standards. Air pollution also damages our environment. Ozone can damage vegetation adversely impacting the growth of plants and trees. These impacts can reduce the ability of plants to uptake CO2 from the atmosphere and indirectly affect entire ecosystems. V isibility is reduced by particles in the air that scatter and absorb light. Typical visual range in the eastern . is 15 to 30 miles approximately one-third of what it would be without man-made air pollution. In the West the typical visual range is about 60 to 90 miles or about one-half of the visual range under natural conditions. Pollution in the form of acids and acid-forming compounds such as sulfur dioxide SO2 and oxides of nitrogen NOx can deposit from the atmosphere to the Earth s surface. This acid deposition can be either dry or wet. Wet deposition is more commonly known as acid rain. Acid rain can occur anywhere and in some areas rain can be 100 times more acidic than natural precipitation. Acid deposition can be a very serious regional problem particularly in areas .

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