tailieunhanh - Environment fact sheet: moving towards clean air for Europe

Particulate pollution is a term that covers a broad spectrum of specific pollutant types that permeate the atmosphere, where sources can be both natural and anthropogenic. Within urban areas, exhaust fumes from road traffic have been the most significant source (Watkins, 1991). PM10 is commonly classified into two further size groupings: coarse and fine. The coarse fraction includes all suspended particles in the PM10 size range above m in aerodynamic diameter, whilst the fine fraction contains the remaining. The coarse fraction has been judged to be made up mostly of natural and organic particles, whereas the fine fraction mostly particles of anthropogenic. | EUROPEAN COMMISSION Environment fact sheet moving towards clean air for Europe Air pollution continues to damage human health and the environment despite the success of EU and international policy action in reducing levels of some air pollutants. Respiratory and other diseases linked to the most threatening pollutants particulate matter and ground-level ozone cause some 370 000 premature deaths a year in the European Union. Air pollution is caused mainly by economic activities such as industry transport power generation and agriculture as well as by households. In some regions natural sources may also contribute to air pollution. To accelerate progress the European Commission has proposed a new EU air pollution strategy. This will achieve further significant improvements in air quality by 2020 and thereby protect citizens and the environment more effectively. The strategy reflects latest scientific knowledge and for the first time will limit airborne concentrations of the finest particulate matter which damages health by penetrating deep into the lungs. The main air pollutants and their sources Particulate matter fine dust comes from natural sources such as sea salt and wind-blown soil sand and dust but is mainly emitted by road vehicles shipping power generation and households. It harms human health. Sulphur dioxide SO2 is emitted by power generation industry shipping and households. It harms human health and contributes to acidification and ground-level ozone. Nitrogen oxides NOx are emitted by road vehicles shipping power generation industry and households. They harm human health and contributes to acidification eutrophication and ground-level ozone. Ammonia is emitted from livestock farming and the fertiliser use in agriculture. It harms human health and contributes to acidification eutrophication and ground-level ozone. Volatile organic compounds VOCs are emitted by road vehicles shipping power generation and industry. They contribute to ground-level ozone. .

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