tailieunhanh - Air pollution from ships

Within the additional morbidity cases, the highest incidence in all three countries is registered for acute bronchitis in children younger than 15 years. Some 21’000 cases in Austria, some 250’000 cases in France and some 24’000 cases in Switzerland were attributable to road traffic-related air pollution in 1996. The second highest frequency is obtained for the incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults. In 1996, the number attributable to road traffic-related air pollution amounts to ca 2’700 cases in Austria, 20’400 cases in France and 2’200 cases in Switzerland. The additional cases of cardiovascular hospital admissions (all ages) due to road traffic-related air pollution amount to 2’900 cases in. | Air pollution from ships Seas At Risk Bellona Foundation North Sea Foundation European Environmental Bureau Swedish NGO Secretariat on Acid Rain European Federation for Transport and Environment Increasing emissions Emissions from shipping contribute significantly to the concentrations and fallout of harmful air pollutants in Europe. There are however technical means by which these pollutants could be cut by as much as 80-90 per cent and very cost-effectively compared to achieving similar results by taking further measures for land-based sources. Such reductions are needed to protect health and the environment and to develop shipping as a more sustainable mode of transport. While pollutant emissions from land-based sources are gradually coming down those from shipping show a continuous increase. The emissions from ships engaged in international trade in the seas surrounding Europe the Baltic Sea the North Sea the north-eastern part of the Atlantic the Mediterranean and the Black Sea were estimated at million tonnes of sulphur dioxide SO2 million tonnes of nitrogen oxides NOx and 250 000 tonnes of fine particles PM a year in 2000. Under current legislation it is expected that shipping emissions of SO2 and NOx will increase by 40 50 per cent up to 2020 as compared to 2000. In both cases by 2020 the emissions from international shipping around Europe are expected to equal or even surpass the total from all land-based sources in the 27 EU member states combined see Figures 1 and 2 . It should be noted that these figures high as they are refer only to ships in international trade. They do not include emissions from shipping in countries internal waterways or from ships plying harbours in the same country which are given in the domestic statistics of each country. However if the recent international agreement see pp. 4 5 on new SO2 and NOx emission standards is implemented by 2020 emissions of SO2 should come 1 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 EU 27 2ŨŨŨ .