tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: The central role of CDE/CHR promoter elements in the regulation of cell cycle-dependent gene transcription

The cell cycle-dependent element (CDE) and the cell cycle genes homology region (CHR) control the transcription of genes with maximum expression in G2 phase and in mitosis. Promoters of these genes are repressed by pro-teins binding to CDE⁄CHR elements in G0 and G1 phases. Relief from repression begins in S phase and continues into G2 phase and mitosis. | ỊFEBS Journal REVIEW ARTICLE The central role of CDE CHR promoter elements in the regulation of cell cycle-dependent gene transcription Gerd A. Muller and Kurt Engeland Molecular Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Leipzig Germany Keywords cell cycle cell cycle genes homology region CHR cell cycle-dependent element CDE DREAM complex E2F Correspondence K. Engeland Molecular Oncology University of Leipzig Semmelweisstr. 14 D-04103 Leipzig Germany Fax 49 341 9723475 Tel. 49 341 9725900 E-mail engeland@ Received 18 September 2009 revised 9 November 2009 accepted 19 November 2009 doi The cell cycle-dependent element CDE and the cell cycle genes homology region CHR control the transcription of genes with maximum expression in G2 phase and in mitosis. Promoters of these genes are repressed by proteins binding to CDE CHR elements in G0 and G1 phases. Relief from repression begins in S phase and continues into G2 phase and mitosis. Generally CDE sites are located four nucleotides upstream of CHR elements in TATA-less promoters of genes such as Cdc25C Cdc2 and cyclin A. However expression of some other genes such as human cyclin B1 and cyclin B2 has been shown to be controlled only by a CHR lacking a functional CDE. To date it is not fully understood which proteins bind to and control CDE CHR-containing promoters. Recently components of the DREAM complex were shown to be involved in CDE CHR-dependent transcriptional regulation. In addition the expression of genes regulated by CDE CHR elements is mostly achieved through CCAAT-boxes which bind heterotrimeric NF-Y proteins as well as the histone acetyltransferase p300. Importantly many CDE CHR promoters are downregulated by the tumor suppressor p53. In this review we define criteria for CDE CHR-regulated promoters and propose to distinguish two classes of CDE CHR-regulated genes. The regulation through transcription factors potentially binding to

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