tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: Synchronization of Ca2+ oscillations: involvement of ATP release in astrocytes

Glial cells, especially astrocytes, are not merely supportive cells, but are important partners to neighboring cells, including neurons, vascular cells, and other glial cells. Although glial cells are not excitable in terms of electrophysiology, they have been shown to generate synchronized Ca 2+ transients (Ca 2+ oscillations) through mechanisms of chemical coupling. | ễFEBS Journal MINIREVIEW Synchronization of Ca2 oscillations involvement of ATP release in astrocytes Schuichi Koizumi Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Japan Keywords astrocytes ATP Ca2 release gliotransmitter neuron-glia neurons P2 receptors Correspondence S. Koizumi Department of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi 1110 Shimokato Chuo Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan Fax 81 55 273 6739 Tel 81 55 273 9503 E-mail skoizumi@ Received 25 May 2009 revised 25 August 2009 accepted 28 September 2009 doi Glial cells especially astrocytes are not merely supportive cells but are important partners to neighboring cells including neurons vascular cells and other glial cells. Although glial cells are not excitable in terms of electrophysiology they have been shown to generate synchronized Ca2 transients Ca2 oscillations through mechanisms of chemical coupling. Until recently Ca2 transients in astrocytes were thought to be totally dependent on neuronal activities because astrocytes express a large variety of receptors for neurotransmitters and surround almost all synapses at which neurotransmitters are spilled over to stimulate astrocytes. In addition however astrocytes have been shown to release diffusible substances so-called gliotransmitters and Ca2 transients in astrocytes are therefore also triggered by astrocytic activities leading to propagation of Ca2 transients or Ca2 waves. In these processes the gliotransmitter ATP and activation of P2Y receptors play central roles. Interestingly astrocytes evoke Ca2 transients when neurons are not present suggesting that astrocytes themselves can initiate and control Ca2 transients. Astrocytic Ca2 transients are observed even in vivo through mechanisms of chemical coupling by gliotransmitters but they are less frequent and synchronous than those in vitro. Although we have not yet clarified their significance in the central nervous .

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