tailieunhanh - Advances in Biomimetics Part 12

Tham khảo tài liệu 'advances in biomimetics part 12', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Bioinspired and Biomimetic Functional Hybrids as Tools for Regeneration of Orthopedic Interfaces 377 They also maintain extracellular phosphorus concentration. The third main category of cells in the bone mass are the osteoclasts. These are bone resorbing cells which are multinucleated and carry out the process of bone resorption. They are generated from the shallow depressions on the inner side of the endosteum called howship lacunae. A schematic representation of the cellular and inorganic organization of the bone mass is seen in Figure 3 below. Demineralization Osteoclast p Preosteocyte Mineralized Matrix Osteoblast Preosteoblast Fig. 3. A figurative description of the cellular organization in two orthopedic interfaces the periosteum and the endosteum that surround the bone matrix in the hard cortical bone. 3. Biomimicry of bone components The capacity of bone tissue components both cellular and inorganic to self-regenerate particularly after trauma related injuries has attracted the interest of many scientists Alves et al. 2010 . During this regeneration process we observe the recreation of mineral rich tissues of different constitutions and hence this process is also referred to as biomineralization Palmer 2008 . Studying the process of biomineralization helps us in understanding the mechanisms by which living organisms deposit mineralized crystals within matrix Sarikaya 1999 . Among the approximately 40 different constituents found in the naturally formed biominerals carbonates phosphates and silicates of calcium are the most common Stephen 1988 . These salts have a significant role to play in determining the physiochemical properties and thermal stability in hard bone tissue Sarikaya 1999 Cai Tang 2009 . In general terms biomineralization process can be either biologically induced or biologically controlled. In biologically induced mineralization BIM the shape and organization of the 378 Advances in Biomimetics crystals is not directly under cellular control