tailieunhanh - Transforming Data into Information

Computer processing is performed by transistors, which are switches with only two possible states: on and off. All computer data is converted to a series of binary numbers– 1 and 0. For example, you see a sentence as a collection of letters, but the computer sees each letter as a collection of 1s and 0s. | Transforming Data into Information lesson 7 This lesson includes the following sections: How Computers Represent Data How Computers Process Data Factors Affecting Processing Speed Extending the Processor's Power to Other Devices Binary Numbers The Binary Number System Bits and Bytes Text Codes How Computers Represent Data How Computers Represent Data – Binary Numbers Computer processing is performed by transistors, which are switches with only two possible states: on and off. All computer data is converted to a series of binary numbers– 1 and 0. For example, you see a sentence as a collection of letters, but the computer sees each letter as a collection of 1s and 0s. If a transistor is assigned a value of 1, it is on. If it has a value of 0, it is off. A computer's transistors can be switched on and off millions of times each second. Ten different symbols in the decimal system Numbers above 9 use more than 1 digit Base 10 Base 2 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 | Transforming Data into Information lesson 7 This lesson includes the following sections: How Computers Represent Data How Computers Process Data Factors Affecting Processing Speed Extending the Processor's Power to Other Devices Binary Numbers The Binary Number System Bits and Bytes Text Codes How Computers Represent Data How Computers Represent Data – Binary Numbers Computer processing is performed by transistors, which are switches with only two possible states: on and off. All computer data is converted to a series of binary numbers– 1 and 0. For example, you see a sentence as a collection of letters, but the computer sees each letter as a collection of 1s and 0s. If a transistor is assigned a value of 1, it is on. If it has a value of 0, it is off. A computer's transistors can be switched on and off millions of times each second. Ten different symbols in the decimal system Numbers above 9 use more than 1 digit Base 10 Base 2 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8 1000 9 1001 10 1010 To convert data into strings of numbers, computers use the binary number system. Humans use the decimal system (“deci” stands for “ten”). The binary number system works the same way as the decimal system, but has only two available symbols (0 and 1) rather than ten (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9). The Binary Number System A single unit of data is called a bit, having a value of 1 or 0. Computers work with collections of bits, grouping them to represent larger pieces of data, such as letters of the alphabet. Eight bits make up one byte. A byte is the amount of memory needed to store one alphanumeric character. With one byte, the computer can represent one of 256 different symbols or characters. . How Computers Represent Data - Bits and Bytes 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A text code is a system that uses binary numbers (1s and 0s) to represent characters understood by humans (letters and numerals). An early text code system, called EBCDIC, .