tailieunhanh - BASIC COASTAL ENGINEERING Part 10

Tham khảo tài liệu 'basic coastal engineering part 10', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, kiến trúc - xây dựng phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 298 Basic Coastal Engineering traps include containers with one open side facing the oncoming bed load transport and larger open containers with the opening facing upward and having its edge at the bed surface. The volume of sediment accumulated in a given time is the bed load transport rate at that point that can be integrated across the width of the transport zone. Coastal Structures Field investigations of coastal structures typically involve the direct measurement of hydrodynamic loadings on rigid structures such as piles and sea walls or measurement of the displacement of armor units on rubble mound structures. The hydrodynamic loadings of greatest interest are those caused by waves which would be measured at the structure by one of the wave gages discussed above. For large structures such as seawalls and revetments the loading on a structure is best measured by installing several pressure transducers into the face of the structure measuring the time-dependent pressures and integrating the pressure distribution over the face to determine the total force as well as its distribution as a function of time . see De Girolamo et al. 1995 . Commercially available pressure transducers consist of a small diaphragm with a strain gage that measures the pressure on the diaphragm by the pressure-induced bending of the diaphragm. It is important that the pressure transducers be selected with some knowledge of the frequency and maximum magnitude of the expected pressure fluctuations that are to be measured. As discussed in Section breaking wave-induced pressures can have a relatively large magnitude for a very short duration. For thin structures such as cylindrical piles the loading on a test section of the pile would be measured. This has been done by installing a ring of pressure transducers around the circumference of the pile at the test section or by building a load cell into the test section. The load cell would have interior strain gages mounted so that the

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