tailieunhanh - European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Part 9

Ngoài hai công ước lớn là Công ước quốc tế về những quyền dân sự, chính trị và Công ước quốc tế về các quyền kinh tế, xã hội, văn hoá được phê chuẩn năm 1966. Một số điều ước quốc tế khác đã được thông qua ở cấp độ quốc tế. | Dealing with difference according to how closely they conform to the mores and principles of the inner circle. Practices of inclusion and exclusion are fundamental to the constitution of international society but its members have been insensitive to the full effects of them. The criteria and norms laid down by the small number of dominant states at its core is seen by those subject to them and critics alike as the imposition of totalising discourse . It is a discourse that represents the domination of one culture over others and for many scholars and practitioners the elimination of this practice is a core problem for international society. This however involves underestimating the extent to which the relationship between cultures is not to reiterate an earlier point a one-way process. Contact between cultures results in mutual transformations. It follows that extending the boundaries of the moral community of international society involves not simply drawing more people into conformity with its rules but indeed devising ways to accommodate diversity and safeguard the rights of those who are different. And it is for this reason that the question of the need to reimagine domestic and international political community has become important. This chapter has canvassed a seemingly disparate literature which nevertheless contains recurring themes and similarities. First has been a cluster of issues concerning self-determination sovereignty and autonomy. A second theme is the need for dialogue in aid of cross-cultural understanding tolerance and the achievement of new political arrangements within states. Several of the authors discussed argue that there is need to uncouple self-determination and sovereignty from the state. In the case of Linklater this is extended to breaking the nexus between sovereignty territoriality and citizenship . The need for this stems from the desire to eliminate domination and give autonomy to groups that have hitherto had their freedom .