tailieunhanh - International Handbook of Clinical - part 9

Các sinh vật uốn ván trong trạng thái bào tử của nó có thể tồn tại khô, đun sôi trong 5 phút, và tiếp xúc với thuốc kháng sinh trong trạng thái thực vật của nó, nó nhạy cảm với thuốc kháng sinh nhiều và thậm chí oxy. | 280 INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS physiology many life-forms have a special inactive state in which survival is enhanced. The tetanus organism in its spore state can survive drying boiling for 5 minutes and exposure to antibiotics in its vegetative state it is susceptible to many antibiotics and even oxygen. The amoebic cyst has been revived after drying for 40 years and is not harmed by ordinary chlorination of drinking water or application of any known medications in its active trophozooite form it is destroyed by numerous amoebecidal drugs. Plants and trees become dormant in wintertime and can be pruned grafted or transplanted safely they are unlikely to survive the same treatment during the active growing period of springtime. The African lung fish Protopterus can survive for several years out of water in a state of suspended animation called estivation or summer torpidity. The ground squirrel hibernates to survive winter freezing and food shortages decreasing heart rate from 300 to 10 per minute and reducing metabolism 30 to 100 times. A deep somnambulistic trance apparently gives humans similar protection against potentially lethal external onslaughts. More recent studies in immunology and microchemistry indicate that information substances neuropeptides are released by nervous tissue some of which act as cytokines which influence inflammation and immunity Pert Ruff Weber Herkenham 1985 Pennisi 1997 . These include substance p Payan 1989 interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 as well as counterregulatory hormones such as catecholamines cortisol and glucagon Fong Moldawer Shires Lowry 1990 Silver Gamelli O Reilly Hebert 1990 . In a review article Solomon 1987 puts forward over 30 postulates for specific implications of CNS-immune interaction. Most telling is Ader s 1981 demonstration of Pavlovian conditioning of the immune system in rats. My own experience has matched Esdaile s and I no longer use prophylactic systemic antibiotics on burned patients who