tailieunhanh - Green Energy and Technology - Energy for a Warming World Part 3

Điện mặt trời nghĩa là phát điện dựa trên động cơ nhiệt và pin quang điện. Sử dụng năng lượng mặt trời chỉ bị giới hạn bởi sự khéo léo của con người. Một phần danh sách các ứng dụng năng lượng mặt trời sưởi ấm không gian và làm mát thông qua kiến trúc năng lượng mặt trời. | Electricity 29 By far the most effective way of generating large amounts of electrical power is by means of mechanically driven electrical generators. Electrical generators accomplish charge separation and thereby energy and power in a controlled and efficient manner and it is pertinent for the purposes of this book to examine how this is done without delving too deeply into the theory and practice of electrical machines 6 7 . We will aim to keep it simple essentially by alluding back to gravity and the pendulum. Energy and power in electrical systems are rather conveniently quite similar in form to the corresponding quantities in gravitational systems. It is only a small step from understanding the nature of energy and power in relation to bodies moving under the influence of gravity to an appreciation of their electrical counterparts. The similarity between the two systems revolves around the fact that while mass and charge are very different their actions at a distance are not. This similarity then allows us to compare for each system how energy is stored and how power is transmitted or delivered. In the gravitational system as we have seen potential energy is created by lifting a heavy mass against the downward force of the Earth s gravity. In a system containing fixed charges electrostatics a sphere of charge in vacuum whether positive or negative exhibits a force not unlike gravity electrostatic field . It obeys the inverse square law like gravity and its strength is proportional to the charge rather than mass as in the gravitational system 8 9 . If a charged particle of the opposite sign is moved away from the sphere in a radial direction the force of attraction electric field has to be overcome and work is done on the particle -it gains potential energy - just as the cricket ball gains potential energy as it moves away from the Earth. For the charged particle this energy is stored in the electric field which is created when charges are separated. Once .

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