tailieunhanh - ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - PLANNING FOR NEW PROCESSES: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

Lập kế hoạch cho quy trình mới: KHÍA CẠNH MÔI TRƯỜNG GIỚI THIỆU Kế hoạch cho một cơ sở mới lớn phải giải quyết các tác động môi trường của công trình và các giai đoạn hoạt động của dự án. Nó là điều cần thiết để tối ưu hóa lựa chọn thay thế, trong khi đánh giá tương đối hiệu suất khí thải quy định và tiêu chuẩn môi trường xung quanh và phát triển một chiến lược hiệu quả chi phí cho phép. Đối với các dự án quy mô lớn, Quig (1980) đề nghị một cách tiếp cận. | PLANNING FOR NEW PROCESSES ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS INTRODUCTION Planning for a major new facility must address the environmental impact of both the construction and operational phases of the project. It is essential to optimize alternatives while evaluating performance relative to regulated emissions and ambient standards and to develop a cost effective permitting strategy. For large scale projects Quig 1980 recommends a highly integrated project approach for environmental compliance early in the planning stage based upon historical siting licensing engineering and construction experience with similar sized plants. Strong emphasis on early process work is necessary to understand environmental impacts. This and other front-end engineering and planning should be executed in very close coordination with the staff charged with documenting the licensing effort. Extensive use of specialists is generally required. The major federal acts to be addressed are 1 National Environmental Policy Act NEPA 1969. 2 Clear Air Act Amendments revised 1990. 3 Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments 1972 FWPCA . 4 Resources Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA 1976. 5 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. 6 Historical and Archaeological Preservation Act of 1974. 7 Endangered Species Act 1973. These federal and selected state environmental acts essentially address the following Land Use Aspects fuel storage exclusion or buffer zones waste disposal zoning and demography Water Resources availability and competitive uses wastewater complexities and water quality hazardous wastes and waste heat Air Quality Meteorology attainment nonattainment areas in terms of offset policy and lowest achievable emission rate newsource performance standard for particulates NOX and SO2 prevention of significant deterioration in Class I II III stack height credit hazardous wastes minor meteorologic changes and Regulatory multiple lead agency involvement licensing strategy feasibility of concept permit