tailieunhanh - ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING - HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENTHISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Quản lý Chất thải nguy hại TỔNG QUAN LỊCH SỬ Sự phát triển của Bảo tồn Tài nguyên và Đạo Luật Phục hồi năm 1976 ngày để thông qua Đạo Luật Xử lý chất thải rắn năm 1965, lần đầu tiên giải quyết các vấn đề xử lý chất thải trên cơ sở toàn quốc. Trước khi những năm 1960 thực hành xử lý đất thường xuyên bao gồm đốt chất thải mở để giảm âm lượng, và được điều khiển chỉ bằng các nhu cầu chung để tránh tạo ra một tác động y tế công cộng và phiền toái,. | H HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT HISTORICAL OVERVIEW The development of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 dates to the passage of the Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 which first addressed the issues of waste disposal on a nationwide basis. Prior to the 1960s land disposal practices frequently included open burning of wastes to reduce volume and were controlled only by the general need to avoid creating a public health impact and nuisance such as a bad smell or visual blight problems that one could see smell taste or touch. At that time what few landfill controls existed were generally focused only on the basics of sanitation such as rodent control and the prevention of fires. The early concept of the sanitary landfill was to cover the waste with soil to reduce pests and vermin create separate chambers of earth to reduce the spread of fire and control odor and unsightly appearance the key environmental concerns of the time. Throughout the 60s and into the 70s the use of industrial pits ponds or lagoons on the land were viewed as legitimate treatment systems intended to separate solids from liquids and to dissipate much of the liquids. They were not only intended to store waste but also to treat it. That is solids would sink when settling occurred and the liquid could be drained evaporated or allowed to percolate into the ground. The accumulated solids ultimately would be landfilled. Similarly for protection of receiving waters pollution control laws prior to the mid-1960s were generally concerned with water-borne diseases and nuisances. The concept of water pollution was far more closely linked to the bacterial transmission of disease and physical obstruction or offense than it was to the impact of trace levels of chemicals. Waterways were viewed as natural systems that could handle waste if properly diluted and if the concentrations were within the assimilative capacity of the rivers and streams. The environmental concerns were primarily odor .