tailieunhanh - Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation - Chapter 4

Thánh Lễ cân bằng khái niệm và thiết kế lò phản ứng Quá trình điều trị khác nhau được sử dụng trong khắc phục hậu quả đất bị ô nhiễm hoặc nước ngầm. Quá trình điều trị thường được phân loại như vật lý, hóa học, sinh học, và các quá trình nhiệt. Hệ thống điều trị thường bao gồm một loạt các hoạt động đơn vị / quy trình, tạo thành một quá trình đào tạo. Mỗi đơn vị hoạt động / quá trình có chứa một hoặc nhiều lò phản ứng. Lò phản ứng có thể được coi là. | Kuo Jeff Mass balance concept and reactor design Practical Design Calculations for Groundwater and Soil Remediation Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 chapter four Mass balance concept and reactor design Various treatment processes are employed in remediation of contaminated soil or groundwater. Treatment processes are generally classified as physical chemical biological and thermal processes. Treatment systems often consist of a series of unit operations processes which form a process train. Each unit operation process contains one or more reactors. A reactor can be considered as a vessel in which the processes occur. Environmental engineers are often in charge of or at least participate in preliminary design of the treatment system. Basically the preliminary design involves selection of treatment processes and reactor type as well as sizing the reactors. For treatment system design treatment processes should be selected first by screening the alternatives. Many factors should be considered in selection of treatment processes. Common selection criteria are implementability effectiveness cost and regulatory consideration. In other words an optimum process would be the one that is implementable effective in removal of contaminants cost efficient and in compliance with the regulatory requirements. Once the treatment processes are selected for a remediation project engineers will then design the reactors. Preliminary reactor design usually includes selecting appropriate reactor types sizing reactors and determining the number of reactors needed and their optimal configuration. To size the reactors engineers first need to know if the desirable reactions or activities would occur in the reactors and what the optimal operating conditions such as temperature and pressure would be. Information from chemical thermodynamics or more practically a pilot study would provide the answers to these questions. If the desired reactions are feasible the engineers then need to determine the