tailieunhanh - solar collectors and panels theory and applications Part 6

Tham khảo tài liệu 'solar collectors and panels theory and applications part 6', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 142 Solar Collectors and Panels Theory and Applications In Figure 7 the dashed lines show the full range of post-SRES scenarios. The emissions include CO2 CH4 N2O and F-gases. b Solid lines are multi-model global averages of surface warming for scenarios A2 A1B and B1 shown as continuations of the 20th-century simulations. These projections also take into account emissions of short-lived GHGs and aerosols. The pink line is not a scenario but is for Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model AOGCM simulations where atmospheric concentrations are held constant at year 2000 values. The bars at the right of the figure indicate the best estimate solid line within each bar and the likely range assessed for the six SRES marker scenarios at 2090-2099. All temperatures are relative to the period 1980-1999 Bernstein et al 2007 . Thus these scientific studies and facts have led to the conclusion that human influences have 1. very likely contributed to sea level rise during the latter half of the 20th century 2. likely contributed to changes in wind patterns affecting extra-tropical storm tracks and temperature patterns 3. likely increased temperatures of extreme hot nights cold nights and cold days 4. more likely than not increased risk of heat waves area affected by drought since the 1970s and frequency of heavy precipitation events. Such situation certainly need fully fledged and visionary mitigation efforts to change the situation drastically subject to the effectiveness of such measure due to natural causes and elapsed time required for such actions take effects. A wide array of adaptation options is available but more extensive adaptation than is currently occurring is required to reduce vulnerability to climate change. There are barriers limits and costs which are not fully understood. Both bottom-up and top-down studies indicate that there is high agreement and much evidence of substantial economic potential for the mitigation of global GHG emissions over the coming .