tailieunhanh - Energy Efficiency Part 4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'energy efficiency part 4', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 38 Energy Efficiency or the reduction of friction would lead to a higher K and a better faster heat transfer across the machinery12. Since K does not affect the output regulation the maximum value is not dependent on K this will in turn increase the rate of Qh and the power. According to the value of the maximum power it is clear that any increase in K given Th and Tc will augment the power by a factor of 1 4 shifting the peak upward. More efficiency will therefore lead to higher power. Suppose we want to increase efficiency as much as possible leading the control parameter K. We may push further K in order to increase the heat transfer rate and get an higher efficiency but we will end up moving away from the theoretical maximum efficiency level toward an higher power output as it is shown in the animation13. Through this model we have shown how the efficiency-power paradox is apparent and we have also described the thermodynamic conditions of the efficiency-power trade off. We can thus draw Lotka s conceptual framework of power maximization versus efficiency optimization in the context of the economy of power. It is as we have already highlighted an economic optimization that leads to maximum output14. Whenever the cost of fuel is relatively less constraining than the cost of machinery power will be maximized. Nevertheless every efficiency improvement involving technological development will probably lead to a more complex engine or process and therefore will on the one hand reduce the relative price of energy but on the other raise the cost of the apparatus. This will ultimately amplify the bifurcation and positively feed back to the optimum power level15. 12 The paradoxical effect of increasing both efficiency and power can be easily understood if we think energy as space integral and work as the time integral of force. A process that reduces energy input in less time increases power as integrations over the same function are not independent. That is to say if .

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