tailieunhanh - Energy Efficiency Part 11

Tham khảo tài liệu 'energy efficiency part 11', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 8 The energy efficiency of onboard hydrogen storage Jens Oluf Jensen Qingfeng Li and Niels J. Bjerrum Technical University of Denmark Denmark 1. Introduction Hydrogen is often suggested as a versatile energy carrier in future energy systems. Hydrogen can be extracted from water by electrical energy through electrolysis and later when the energy is needed hydrogen can recombine with oxygen from the air and release the same amount of energy. The end product is water and the cycle is closed. Hydrogen as an energy carrier is typically associated with renewable energy technologies because it provides a way to store energy. The need for energy storage is tremendous if wind turbines wave energy devices or photovoltaics are to be implemented on a large scale. This is because of the fluctuating nature of the electricity production by these means and moreover because the energy might be meant for application in the transport sector. Batteries store electrical energy efficiently but they are not economic for large scale storage and for transportation they are only practical in smaller vehicles with a limited driving range and certainly not in trucks ships or airplanes. The alternative is to store energy as hydrogen and hydrogen is an ideal fuel in many aspects. It is easily combusted in an engine or converted back to electricity in a fuel cell. It is not poisonous and the raw material for its production water is practically unlimited. Hydrogen is often said to have the highest energy content per unit mass but since it is a low density gas at ambient conditions it needs a storage tank that adds so much to the weight and volume that the whole system ends up being both heavier and bulkier than a gasoline tank with the same energy content. Therefore hydrogen storage is a key issue and in particular onboard hydrogen storage in vehicles. As a matter of fact the production of hydrogen from renewable sources only makes sense if hydrogen is stored for later use or for use elsewhere. .

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