tailieunhanh - A Dictionary Of Basic Japanese Grammar_04

Tham khảo tài liệu 'a dictionary of basic japanese grammar_04', ngoại ngữ, nhật - pháp - hoa- others phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | koto ga dekiru 201 N animate wa Vinf-nonpast koto ga dekiru. where N is an animate experiencer and the noun phrase Vinf-nonpast koto is a subject noun phrase nominalized by koto. The meaning of the structure is N can V lit. For N Ving - is possible. . wa ga 2. If a verb is closely associated with its direct object as in 1 and 2 below o V koto can be deleted. 1 Éỉậ Nanshi wa piano o hiku koto ga dekiru. Nancy can play the piano. 2 Okamoto-san wa roshiago o hanasu koto ga dekiru. Mr. Okamoto can speak Russian. The 0 V koto deletion is unacceptable in the following sentence however because there is no close association between the verb and its direct object. 3 Sumisu-san wa nihongo no shinbun o yomu kotoj 0 ga dekiru. Mr. Smith can read Japanese newspapers. Related Expression A shorter potential form of verb . rareru2 can replace the longer potential form koto ga dekiru without a change in basic meaning. Thus Exs. a b and c can be rewritten as 1 2 and 3 respectively. 1 Shinkansen ni noreba Osaka made sanjikan de ikeru. 2 Oda wa muttsu no toki Bahha ga Ị o hiketa. 3 V Jonson-san wa nihongo de tegami ga kakeru. Basically the difference between the shorter and the longer potential form is one of style namely the shorter version is more colloquial and less formal than the longer one. 202 koto ni naru koto ni naru z Phr- An event takes place as if spontane- J ously irrespective of the speaker s ị volition. it will be decided that come about be arranged that turn out that REL. koto ni surùỵ Key Sentences A Topic experiencer Vinf nonpast Nom Watashi 11 wa K rainen Osaka ni tenkinsuru Ct koto r ftoft ni natta ft Ị Lfco narimashita. Lit. It has been decided that I will transfer to Osaka next year. I m going to be transferred to Osaka next year. B Topi c place Vinf-nonpast 0 X I it Ệ li I o ẳ Nihon de wa kuruma wa michi no hidarigawa 0 hashiru Nom Ct k ftoTV 6 V tto koto ni natte iru imasu. In Japan cars are supposed to be driven on the left side of the street. Formation L á