tailieunhanh - Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine - part 8

Đáp ứng với thách thức chất lỏng ở bệnh nhân xơ gan là khác nhau hơn ở những người không có (Bảng 6) [44, 45]. Một sự hiểu biết của sự khác biệt này là rất quan trọng trong việc ra quyết định liên quan đến những thách thức chất lỏng trong hypoperfusion mô nghi ngờ ở bệnh nhân xơ gan. | 294 R. P. Dellinger Table 6. Changes in normals and cirrhotics following plasma volume expansion Normals Cirrhotics Cardiac output T T Blood pressure T - Systemic vascular resistance ị ị Arterial compliance - ị -T Central blood volume T - T Interstitial space T T Adapted from 44 with permission Volume Expansion in Cirrhotics Response to fluid challenge in patients with cirrhosis is different than in those without Table 6 44 45 . An understanding of this difference is important in decision-making concerning fluid challenges in suspected tissue hypoperfusion in cirrhotic patients. Primary and Secondary Periods of Shock Resuscitation Primary and secondary periods of shock resuscitation have been described 46 . The primary period represents the first round of resuscitation and encompasses restoration of production of cardiac rhythm and forward blood flow and attainment of adequate MAP. The secondary period of resuscitation represents goals of establishing adequate organ perfusion pressure for all organs as well as oxygen transport to the metabolically active tissues. Fluid challenge in Sepsis-Induced Hypoperfusion General loss of vascular tone is a hallmark of sepsis and affects both arteries and veins. Fluid administration compensates for the increase in venous capacitance and maintains or even produces an increased cardiac output. In one animal study fluid resuscitation blunted some of the neurohumoral mechanisms that are associated with more rapid deterioration including severe decrease in cardiac function 47 . Both passive and active mechanisms produce alterations ofveins in severe sepsis and rapid volume expansion produces arteriolar vasodilatation 48 49 . In severe sepsis this change maybe enhanced. In addition although drug therapy utilized in the management of severe sepsis may not significantly influence the total blood Fluid Therapy of Tissue Hypoperfusion 295 volume TBV CVP neurohumoral factors may modify vein properties 49 50 . Whether this change is a .

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