tailieunhanh - Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies - part 6

Nếu không có đủ thời gian để đi mà nhâm nhi cà phê buổi sáng đầu tiên của, các y cuộn với một phụ nữ bị bệnh xuất hiện người thanh niên đã nôn được cho vài giờ qua. Cô ấy là sốt và tachypneic | ELSEVIER SAUNDERS EMERGENCY MEDICINE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA Emerg Med Clin N Am 23 2005 771-787 Differential Diagnosis of Metabolic Acidosis Jennifer J. Casaletto MD Department of Emergency Medicine Maricopa Medical Center 2601 East Roosevelt Avenue Phoenix AZ 85007 USA Without enough time to take that first sip of morning coffee the paramedics roll in with an ill-appearing young adult female who has been vomiting for the last several hours. She is febrile and tachypneic. Her parents state that she has been depressed lately and even contemplated suicide but seemed to be well at dinner the previous evening. Her initial lab results reveal an anion gap acidosis with a respiratory alkalosis confirming your diagnostic suspicions. As you turn to discuss the findings with her family the intern is tugging at your opposite sleeve worriedly reporting The patient we thought was suffering from alcoholic ketoacidosis doesn t have any ketones in his urine. As you take a breath to begin your explanation regarding the lack of ketones a colleague at the clinic calls hoping to transfer a hypertensive diabetic patient whom he believes has become severely hyponatremic and hyperkalemic secondary to renal tubular acidosis RTA synrdome. Desperately trying to recall the differences between RTAs you find yourself wading through the MUDPILES of metabolic acidosis and HARDUP for answers from your inquisitive intern. Relax go back to that full coffee and read on. Metabolic acidosis is defined as an acidemia created by primary increase in H concentration or reduction in HCO3 concentration. Acutely medullary chemoreceptors compensate for a metabolic acidosis by means of a hyperventilatory response resulting in a reduction of PaCO2 in attempt to increase the pH to normal. In an isolated metabolic acidosis the degree of acute respiratory compensation can be predicted based on the following relationship PaCO2 X HCO3 8 ie the PaCO2 is expected to decrease mmHg for each mmol L decrease in

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