tailieunhanh - Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality_4

Sự tham gia của công chúng và công nghiệp là điều cần thiết để cho phép quản lý để hiểu được tác động của bất kỳ biện pháp được đề xuất trước khi các tiêu chuẩn thiết lập cho nước và nước thải, và để đảm bảo rằng bất kỳ chương trình để cải tiến đạt được trong khả năng tài chính và kỹ thuật của các nước có liên quan. | must be advertised locally. The regulator has to consider any representations received. The Water Resources Act has similar advertising provisions. In addition both Acts require details of applications authorisations and consents and other relevant information to be kept available on a public register. In the USA a public hearing must be arranged if there is significant interest in a permit application but in the UK this would be an unusual step. It is very important that developing countries achieve a balanced view with respect to what is desired what can be achieved and what can be afforded. The involvement of the public and industrialists is essential to enable regulators to understand the impact of any proposed measures prior to setting standards for water and effluents and to ensure that any programmes for improvement are attainable within the financial and technical capabilities of the country concerned. Waste minimisation and cleaner technology While the principles of BAT give rise to the introduction of less polluting technologies through a regulated system there are a number of initiatives in existence which are designed to encourage the use of clean technologies and better production systems. Waste minimisation is a technique which is being tested in a number of studies around the world in an attempt to reduce the amount of waste produced from industrial production units. The project methodology has been developed in the USA the Netherlands particularly studies carried out at 12 companies in Amsterdam and Rotterdam and in a series of case studies on cleaner production carried out by UNEP. In the UK a collaborative programme between a number of companies and regulators in the catchments of the Rivers Aire and Calder and along the River Mersey has enabled further development of the principles in the form of a demonstration project. The key to waste minimisation is the adoption of a systematic approach to evaluating processes and quantifying the .