tailieunhanh - Computer architecture paradigms

Conventionally, a computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source, and the result of operations saved and retrieved. | Formal Specification and Documentation using Z A Case Study Approach Jonathan Bowen Revised 2003 FORMAL SPECIFICATION AND DOCUMENTATION USING Z A X CASE STUDY APPROACH Jonathan Bowen UNIX transputer DCS documentation All material that serves primarily to describe a system and make it more understandable rather than to contribute in some way to the actual operation of the system. . formal specification 1. A specification written and approved in accordance with established standards. 2. A specification written in a formal notation such as VDM or Z. Z A formal notation based on set algebra and predicate calculus for the specification of computing systems. It was developed at the Programming Research Group Oxford University. Z specifications have a modular structure. . Dictionary of Computing 221 CICS and IBM are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. DEC VAX and Micro VAX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Inmos and Occam are trademarks of SGS-Thomson Microelectronics. MC68000 is a trademark of Motorola Computer Systems. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Inc. Sun is a trademark of Sun Microsystems Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the USA and other countries licensed through X Open Company Ltd. X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium .