tailieunhanh - Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality_17

Các nguồn nước thải độc hại và nguy hiểm bao gồm WWTPs và chất thải công nghiệp thải ra cống rãnh, suối tiếp nhận và nước mưa là một kết quả của sự cố tràn. Đây là vấn đề của mối quan tâm lớn trong lưu vực sông Zarqa nơi ô nhiễm trong dây chuyền thực phẩm vượt quá giới hạn sức khỏe chấp nhận được. | Emergency standby handling and containment facilities are needed at all WWTPs including municipal and industrial plants in order deal with spills and discharges during equipment failures. There is also an urgent need for such a system for the Ain-Ghazal As-Samra siphon-pump where overflows into a nearby wadi occurred during storms in 1992. A further threat is the possible failure or rupture of the 39 km long 1 200 mm diameter siphon to the WWTP ponds. The control of toxic and hazardous wastewaters and sludges is urgently needed. Sources of toxic and hazardous wastewaters include WWTPs and industrial wastes which are discharged to sewers to receiving streams and to stormwater run-off as a result of spills. This is a problem of major concern in the Zarqa river basin where contamination in the food chain exceeds acceptable health limits. Studies on hydrochemical pollution of the Amman-Zarqa basin by Hanaineh-Abdeinour et al. 1985 during 1979-81 showed an obvious increase in trace elements . The study classified the Amman-Zarqa waters at that time as weakly to heavily polluted . Heavy pollution was mainly caused by Cd NO3 SO4 Cl K and Na. Several trace elements were also observed to be increasing including Fe Pb Mn Zn Cu and Cr. Significant increases in elements normally associated with industrial discharges were also identified as follows Cl showed a fold increase NO3 showed a increase SO4 showed a increase and TDS showed a increase. Although these results do not present a complete inventory of elements in all the possible toxic and hazardous industrial wastes being discharged they do show an emerging pattern of concern. It is expected that these concentrations will have continued to increase since the study was carried out. A central toxic and hazardous waste treatment facility is needed for the handling and disposal of these wastes. Inadequate on-site pre-treatment of industrial wastewaters is a prevalent problem. Although many .