tailieunhanh - Water Pollution Control - A Guide to the Use of Water Quality_16

Chất lượng nước được đánh giá bằng cách sử dụng dữ liệu lấy mẫu cho một bộ quy định các chỉ số vật lý và sinh học bằng cách sử dụng các tiêu chuẩn chất lượng nước thích hợp của Liên bang Nga. Đó là, tuy nhiên, đáng chú ý rằng các đánh giá của cơ quan và các tổ chức khác nhau đôi khi khác nhau như là kết quả của lấy mẫu uncoordinated và phương pháp áp dụng. | Water quality is assessed using sampling data for a defined set of physical and biological indicators using the appropriate water quality standards of the Russian Federation. It is however noticeable that assessments made by different agencies and institutions sometimes differ as a result of the uncoordinated sampling and methods applied. The conclusions of the sanitary and epidemiology survey was that the Vazuza system water conformed to Class II. Water quality trend analyses compiled for the Moskvoretskaya system showed that in the 14 years prior to 1992 the average annual concentrations of heavy metals increased 2-5 times and nitrates by 5 times. When compared with maximum allowable concentrations MAC the following increases were also observed at the Rudlevskaya Plant site phenols 8-12 times the MAC oil products 2-5 times the MAC and severe microbial pollution coliform index of 100 000 . The water source shows extensive eutrophication with permanent odour and colour especially in the spring period that excludes it even from Class III. The water of the Volzhskaya system normally does not exceed MACs but elevated concentrations of metals and phosphorus-based organic pesticides have occurred during floods and during the growing season. An integrated assessment puts the Volzhskaya system in Class II. According to the data obtained from the system by Mosvodocanal and the sanitary and epidemiology survey an integrated toxicity indicator for Class 1 and 2 hazardous substances exceeds the prescribed standards for all water treatment and supply plants. Pollution sources Serious anthropogenic impacts on the water bodies and watersheds of the region imply increasing concentrations of contaminants in the sources of drinking water supplies. Point sources of pollution in the basins of the Moscow City drinking water supplies come mainly from industrial municipal and agricultural wastewater discharges. According to the state water use accounting data in 1992 1 X 106 .