tailieunhanh - American Voices How Dialects Differ from coast to coast_07

Tham khảo tài liệu 'american voices how dialects differ from coast to coast_07', ngoại ngữ, anh ngữ phổ thông phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | of its grammar. Clear examples of this can be seen in the way Pidgin expresses time and manner relations with A particularly striking difference is how the two languages use the base form of the verb. In Pidgin the base form may be used to refer to present events generic events or even past events. Here is a good example of the last option from a story told to the linguist Viveka Velupillai by a man from Maui Dis spri wen jamp intu đis wan gai fal awntu da graun eriting This spirit had jumped into this one guy he the guy fell onto the ground and everything Here Pidgin uses the base verb fal fall where Standard English would use the form marked for past tense. The example also shows a unique feature of the way Pidgin marks the manner of an event. Velupillai found that wen forms like wen jamp are used when the event being discussed has some limit that s crucial to what s being discussed. In other words the meaning of wen V forms is different from any single verb inflection or helping verb in Standard English. Another feature of the verb phrase that is considered highly stereotypical of Pidgin both by Locals and outsiders is the use of stei stay as a helping or auxiliary verb. Stei too means something very different from any single verbal form in Standard English. Moreover its meaning varies depending on what form of the verb it combines with. When stei occurs with the base form as in hi stei wak araun he walks around the meaning overlaps with the habitual and the continuous in Standard English. But when it combines with the -in g form of the verb as in da sista stio stei stanin bai da fon bu the girl is still standing at the phone booth or hi stei reikin da livs he was raking the leaves there is a superficial similarity to the Standard English progressive. But the resemblance ends there. The way stei V-in forms are used in discourse shows that Pidgin stei V-in requires a greater focus on some idea of now than the progressive does in Standard English. Pidgin .

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