tailieunhanh - Desk Reference for hematology - part 6

cảm ứng viêm gây ra bởi việc phát hành các chất trung gian từ các tế bào hoại tử và các thành phần của tác nhân gây bệnh, lipopolysaccharides cổ điển vi khuẩn. Điều này dẫn đến di chuyển của bạch cầu trung tính, thực bào, và ly giải. Thích ứng miễn dịch. Cytokines bắt nguồn từ sự kích thích histiocyte trong khả năng miễn dịch | IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE 485 Induction of inflammation triggered by the release of mediators from necrotic cells and by components of pathogens classically bacterial lipopolysaccharides. This results in migration of neutrophils phagocytosis and lysis. Adaptive immunity. Cytokines derived from histiocyte stimulation in the innate immunity involve T-cells and B-cells by T-cell receptors T-CRs and B-cell receptors B-CRs maybe in specific antigen-antibody reactions. The term perhaps is best reserved for the situation where the response is specifically directed against a foreign antigen and immunological memory develops. The term memory in this context indicates a modified response often augmented but sometimes depressed as in the phenomenon of tolerance upon a second exposure to the same stimulus. The response occurs in phases Cognitive. Recognition of antigen by T- and B-CRs upon presentation by plasma complement MCH complex molecules adhesion molecules and dendritic cells. Activation. Proliferation of cells with matching receptor following signal transduction Effector. Elimination of antigen by antibody dissolution or phagocytosis. Hypersensitivity. Exaggerated immune responses giving rise to tissue damage. Here there are four types of reaction Type I allergic response Type II autoimmunity Type III immune complex disease Type IV delayed cell-mediated immunity examples being chronic inflammation with granulomas graft rejection after transplantation and vasculitis IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE See also Tumor antigens Immune evasion by pathogens. Observation of the tissues of an organism for the presence of deviations and elimination of such deviations when detected. Where the deviations are the presence of non-self components microorganisms etc. there is no difficulty with the concept and the immune system is well adapted for this through its circulatory nature. In practice the term immune surveillance is more usually restricted to surveillance for cancer. The idea is that cells .

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