tailieunhanh - The Significance of Privatization and Commercialization Trends for Women’s Health

Research has suggested a link between nutritional deficiencies in early (including prenatal) life, and the development of chronic diseases—cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, cancer, and osteoporosis, among others—some decades later (World Health Organization 2000a, 2000b; Jacoby 2004). A possible link between early nutritional deficiencies and obesity has also been suggested, and it remains an area of ongoing research (Pan American Health Organization 2003). These associations are especially relevant for women, since they generally live longer than men, and therefore the complications and disabilities that result from these kinds of diseases are much more common among elderly women | National Network on Environments and Women s Health Réseau pancanadien sur la santé des femmes et le milieu Women and Water in Canada The Significance of Privatization and Commercialization Trends for Women s Health Prepared for Women and Health Care Reform and The National Network on Environments and Women s Health August 2009 Copyright 2009 National Network on Environments and Women s Health Individual copyright to their work is retained by the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Published by National Network on Environments and Women s Health Suite 5021 TEL Building York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Telephone Email nnewh@ Web site Women and Health Care Reform and the National Network on Environments and Women s Health NNEWH are financially supported by the Women s Health Contribution Program Bureau of Women s Health and Gender Analysis Health Canada. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent official policy of Health Canada. August 2009 With contributions by Vera Pavri Corian Crawley Pat Armstrong Anne Rochon Ford Patricia Hania Margaret Haworth-Brockman Karin Jordan Meera Karunananthan and Dayna Nadine Scott. Table of Contents 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 9 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 15 15 17 19 20 21 Introduction Trends in the Commercialization and Privatization of Water Definitions Rationales For and Against Privatization Historical Overview Trends in Governance Models for the Provision of Water Consequences of Water Privatization Trends Internationally Current Governance Competing Water Management Models Public Utilities Private Sector Participation Public-Private Partnerships P3s Community Co-operatives Case Studies of P3s in the Water Sector Canadian and American Experiences with P3s New Orleans Indianapolis and Milwaukee . .

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