tailieunhanh - Báo cáo y học: "HIF-mediated articular chondrocyte function: prospects for cartilage repai"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học General Psychiatry cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: HIF-mediated articular chondrocyte function: prospects for cartilage repair. | Available online http content 11 1 213 Review Hypoxia HIF-mediated articular chondrocyte function prospects for cartilage repair Christopher L Murphy Brendan L Thoms Rasilaben J Vaghjiani and Jerome E Lafont The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London 65 Aspenlea Road London W6 8LH England Corresponding author Christopher L Murphy Published 5 February 2009 This article is online at http content 11 1 213 2009 BioMed Central Ltd Arthritis Research Therapy 2009 11 213 doi ar2574 Abstract In a chronically hypoxic tissue such as cartilage adaptations to hypoxia do not merely include cell survival responses but also promotion of its specific function. This review will focus on describing such hypoxia-mediated chondrocyte function in particular in the permanent articular cartilage. The molecular details of how chondrocytes sense and respond to hypoxia and how this promotes matrix synthesis have recently been examined and specific manipulation of hypoxia-induced pathways is now considered to have potential therapeutic application to maintenance and repair of articular cartilage. Introduction Oxygen is essential to life for all higher organisms. Molecular oxygen is required as an electron acceptor in the generation of cellular energy ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation and it is also used as a substrate in various enzymatic reactions 1 . Oxygen homeostasis is therefore a basic requirement and complex systems have evolved to maintain this at the cell tissue and whole organism levels. These include increased reliance on anaerobic glycolysis in the formation of ATP within the cell increased angiogenesis and blood supply through vasodilation to affected organs and systemic changes such as enhanced erythropoiesis and increased ventilation 2 3 . Cartilage develops in a hypoxic environment 4 and indeed proximity to a blood supply appears to be a .