tailieunhanh - Optics and Photonics Essential Technologies for Our Nation

Optics and photonics are technical enablers for many areas of the economy, and dramatic technical advances have had a major impact on daily life. For example, in the last decade, advances in optical fiber communications have permitted a nearly 100-fold increase in the amount of information that can be transmitted from place to place, enabling a societytransforming Internet to thrive. As noted in the introduction to Charles Kao’s 2009 Nobel Prize lecture on his work in optical fiber communications, “the work has fundamentally transformed the way we live our daily lives.”1 Indeed, optical fiber communications have enabled what Thomas Friedman has called a “flat world.”2 Without optics,. | Optics and Photonics Essential Technologies for Our Nation Optics and Photonics Essential Technologies for Our Nation Committee on Harnessing Light Capitalizing on Optical Science Trends and Challenges for Future Research National Materials and Manufacturing Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street NW Washington DC 20001 NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences the National Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. ECCS-1041156 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation and by the following awards N66001-10-1-4052 from DARPA-DSO N66001-11-1-4091 from DArPa-MTO 60NANB10D266 from NIST W911NF-10-1-0488 from ARO DE-DT0002194 TO 16 from DOE-EERE and DE-SC0005899 from DOE-BES as well as support from SPIE OSA and the NRC. Any opinions findings conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number 978-0-309-26377-1 This report is available in limited quantities from National Materials and Manufacturing Board 500 Fifth Street NW Washington DC 20001 nmmb@ http www . nmmb Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press 500 Fifth Street NW Keck 360 Washington DC 20001 800 624-6242 or 202 334-3313 http . Copyright 2012 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of .